![]() , was translated into several languages, but was banned by British and French colonial officials in Africa and the Caribbean. Leaders to Liberia and Sierra Leone to explore the possibilities of black Americans migrating “back to Africa.” His controversial newspaper, the Garvey initiated a series of enterprises that captured the imagination of the black masses: the Black Star Line, a steamship company the Negro Factories Corporation the Black Cross Nurses and the African Legion. Garvey was not interested in having a “slice of the pie” of the United States polity he was interested in creating an entirely separate nation-state. Garvey, by asserting “race first” Pan-Africanism, sought to create a separate sphere of community progress for African Americans, responding to the systematic exclusion of Black people from economic and political power. There, within four years, his program of militant Black Nationalism had attracted hundreds of thousands of devoted followers with chapters in countries throughout the world. Washington’s philosophy of self-help and black-owned enterprises, Garvey found little response in his native homeland, and decided to try his hand at organizing in America. Ann’s Bay, Jamaica, Garvey had been employed as a journalist, printer and labor organizer in the Caribbean and England before returning to Jamaica to establish the United Negro Improvement Association (UNIA), an organization rooted in the notion that black people throughout the world should have the right to self- determination. ![]() ![]() Source: August 5, 1924, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, DC.Īmidst the disappointments of the postwar period, Marcus Garvey emerged on the streets of Harlem as the leader of the largest black organization of the twentieth century.
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